Imboni ye-polyurethane yaqala eJalimane futhi ithuthuke ngokushesha eYurophu, eMelika naseJapane iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-50, futhi isibe imboni ekhula ngokushesha embonini yamakhemikhali.Ngeminyaka yawo-1970, imikhiqizo ye-polyurethane yomhlaba wonke yaba amathani ayizigidi ezingu-1.1, yafinyelela kumathani ayizigidi eziyishumi ngo-2000, kanti isamba somkhiqizo ngo-2005 sasilinganiselwa kumathani ayizigidi ezingu-13.7.Isilinganiso sonyaka sokukhula kwe-polyurethane yomhlaba wonke kusukela ngo-2000 kuya ku-2005 sasilinganiselwa ku-6.7%.Izimakethe zaseNyakatho Melika, e-Asia Pacific kanye nase-Europe zibalelwa ku-95% wemakethe yomhlaba wonke ye-polyurethane ngo-2010. Izimakethe zase-Asia Pacific, eMpumalanga Yurophu naseNingizimu Melika kulindeleke ukuthi zikhule ngokushesha eminyakeni eyishumi ezayo.
Ngokombiko wocwaningo we-Researchand Markets, isidingo semakethe ye-polyurethane emhlabeni wonke sasingamathani ayizigidi eziyi-13.65 ngo-2010, futhi kulindeleke ukuthi sifinyelele kumathani ayizigidi eziyi-17.946 ngo-2016, ngesilinganiso sokukhula saminyaka yonke esingu-4.7%.Ngokwemibandela yenani, ilinganiselwa ku-$33.033 billion ngo-2010 futhi izofinyelela ku-$55.48 billion ngo-2016, i-CAGR ka-6.8%.Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yomthamo oweqile wokukhiqiza we-MDI ne-TDI, izinto zokusetshenziswa ezibalulekile ze-polyurethane e-China, ukwanda kwesidingo semikhiqizo ye-polyurethane ezansi nomfula, kanye nokudluliselwa kokugxila kwebhizinisi kanye nezikhungo ze-R&D yizinkampani eziningi zamazwe ngamazwe ezimakethe zase-Asia ngisho naseShayina. , imboni yasekhaya ye-polyurethane izoletha inkathi yegolide esikhathini esizayo.
Imakethe yemboni ngayinye engaphansi kwe-polyurethane emhlabeni iphezulu kakhulu
Izinto zokusetshenziswa ze-polyurethane, ikakhulukazi ama-isocyanate, zinezithiyo zobuchwepheshe eziphakeme, ngakho-ke ingxenye yemakethe yemboni ye-polyurethane yomhlaba ithathwa kakhulu ama-giants amakhemikhali amaningana amakhulu, futhi ukugxilwa kwemboni kuphezulu kakhulu.
I-CR5 yomhlaba wonke ye-MDI ingu-83.5%, i-TDI ingu-71.9%, i-BDO ingu-48.6% (CR3), i-polyether polyol ingu-57.6%, kanti i-spandex ingu-58.2%.
Amandla okukhiqiza emhlabeni jikelele kanye nesidingo sezinto zokusetshenziswa ze-polyurethane nemikhiqizo kukhula ngokushesha
(1) Amandla okukhiqiza we-polyurethane akhula ngokushesha.Mayelana ne-MDI ne-TDI, umthamo wokukhiqiza we-MDI womhlaba wonke ufinyelele kumathani ayizigidi ezi-5.84 ngo-2011, futhi umthamo wokukhiqiza we-TDI wafinyelela kumathani ayizigidi ezi-2.38.Ngo-2010, isidingo se-MDI emhlabeni wonke safinyelela kumathani ayizigidi ezi-4.55, futhi imakethe yaseShayina yabalelwa ku-27%.Kulinganiselwa ukuthi ngonyaka wezi-2015, isidingo semakethe ye-MDI emhlabeni wonke kulindeleke ukuthi senyuke cishe ngamathani angama-40% siye ku-6.4 wezigidi, kanti isabelo sezimakethe zomhlaba wonke saseChina sizokhuphuka sifike ku-31% ngesikhathi esifanayo.
Njengamanje, kunamabhizinisi angaphezu kwama-30 e-TDI kanye namasethi angaphezu kwama-40 ezitshalo zokukhiqiza ze-TDI emhlabeni, ezinamandla okukhiqiza amathani ayizigidi ezingu-2.38.Ngo-2010, umthamo wokukhiqiza wawungamathani ayizigidi ezingu-2.13.Cishe amathani angama-570,000.Eminyakeni embalwa ezayo, isidingo semakethe ye-TDI emhlabeni wonke sizokhula ngenani lika-4% -5%, futhi kulinganiselwa ukuthi isidingo semakethe ye-TDI emhlabeni wonke sizofinyelela amathani ayizigidi ezingu-2.3 ngo-2015. Ngo-2015, isidingo sonyaka se-TDI yaseShayina imakethe izofinyelela amathani angama-828,000, okuhlanganisa u-36% wengqikithi yomhlaba wonke.
Ngokuya ngama-polyether polyols, amandla amanje okukhiqiza emhlabeni wonke ama-polyether polyols adlula amathani ayizigidi ezingu-9, kanti ukusetshenziswa kuphakathi kwamathani ayizigidi ezingu-5 nezingu-6, nomthamo osobala oweqile.Amandla okukhiqiza i-polyether yamazwe ngamazwe agxile kakhulu ezandleni zezinkampani ezinkulu ezimbalwa njenge-Bayer, i-BASF, ne-Dow, kanti i-CR5 iphezulu kakhulu njengo-57.6%.
(2)Imikhiqizo ye-polyurethane ephakathi nendawo.Ngokombiko we-IAL Consulting Company, isilinganiso sonyaka sokukhula kokukhiqizwa kwe-polyurethane emhlabeni wonke kusukela ngo-2005 kuya ku-2007 sasingu-7.6%, safinyelela kumathani ayizigidi ezingu-15.92.Ngokukhula komthamo wokukhiqiza kanye nesidingo esikhulayo, kulindeleke ukuthi ifinyelele amathani ayizigidi eziyi-18.7 eminyakeni eyi-12.
Isilinganiso sonyaka sokukhula kwemboni ye-polyurethane ngu-15%
Imboni ye-polyurethane yaseChina yaqala ngeminyaka yawo-1960 futhi yathuthuka kancane kakhulu ekuqaleni.Ngo-1982, umkhiqizo wasekhaya we-polyurethane wawungamathani ayi-7,000 kuphela.Ngemuva kwezinguquko kanye nokuvuleka, ngokuthuthuka okusheshayo komnotho wezwe, ukuthuthukiswa kwemboni ye-polyurethane nakho kuthuthuke kakhulu.Ngonyaka wezi-2005, ukusetshenziswa kwezwe lami kwemikhiqizo ye-polyurethane (kuhlanganisa nezinyibilikisi) kwafinyelela kumathani ayizigidi ezi-3, amathani angaba yizigidi eziyisi-6 ngo-2010, kanti isilinganiso sokukhula konyaka kusukela ngo-2005 kuya ku-2010 sasicishe sibe ngu-15%, siphezulu kakhulu kunezinga lokukhula kwe-GDP.
Isidingo segwebu eliqinile le-polyurethane kulindeleke ukuthi siqhume
Igwebu eliqinile le-polyurethane lisetshenziswa kakhulu emakhazeni, ekwakhiweni kwezakhiwo, kwezezimoto nakwezinye izimboni.Eminyakeni yamuva nje, ngenxa yenani elikhulu lezicelo zokufakwa kwe-insulation kanye ne-cold chain logistics, isidingo segwebu eliqinile le-polyurethane sikhule ngokushesha, ngesilinganiso sokukhula kokusetshenziswa konyaka esingu-16% kusukela ngo-2005 kuya ku-2010. Ukwanda okuqhubekayo kwe-insulation yezakhiwo kanye nemakethe yokonga amandla, isidingo segwebu eliqinile le-polyurethane kulindeleke ukuthi lilethe ukukhula kokuqhuma.Kulindeleke ukuthi eminyakeni emihlanu ezayo, igwebu le-polyurethane eliqinile lisazokhula ngenani elingaphezu kuka-15%.
Igwebu le-polyurethane elithambile lasekhaya lisetshenziswa kakhulu emkhakheni wefenisha namakhushini ezihlalo zemoto.Ngo-2010, ukusetshenziswa kwasekhaya kwegwebu elithambile le-polyurethane kwafinyelela kumathani ayizigidi eziyi-1.27, kanti isilinganiso sokukhula kokusetshenziswa konyaka kusukela ngo-2005 kuya ku-2010 sasingu-16%.Kulindeleke ukuthi izinga lokukhula kwesidingo segwebu elithambile ezweni lami eminyakeni embalwa ezayo libe ngu-10% noma ngaphezulu.
I-synthetic leather slurryisoliIsixazululo silingana kuqala
Ama-elastomer e-polyurethane asetshenziswa kakhulu ensimbi, ephepheni, ekunyatheliseni nakwezinye izimboni.Kunabakhiqizi abambalwa abangamathani ayi-10,000 kanye nabakhiqizi abancane nabaphakathi nendawo ababalelwa ku-200.
Isikhumba sokwenziwa kwe-polyurethane sisetshenziswa kakhulu emithwalweni, ezingutsheni,izicathulo, njll. Ngo-2009, ukusetshenziswa kwe-polyurethane slurry yaseShayina kwakungamathani ayizigidi ezingu-1.32.izwe lami akuwona kuphela umkhiqizi kanye nomthengi wesikhumba sokwenziwa kwe-polyurethane, kodwa futhi umthengisi obalulekile wemikhiqizo yesikhumba eyenziwe nge-polyurethane.Ngo-2009, ukusetshenziswa kwesixazululo se-polyurethane sole ezweni lami kwakungamathani angama-334,000.
Izinga lokukhula elijwayelekile lonyaka le-polyurethane coatings kanye ne-adhesives lingaphezu kuka-10%
Izembatho ze-polyurethane zisetshenziswa kakhulu kumapende okhuni asezingeni eliphezulu, ama-architectural coatings, ama-anti-corrosion coatings, amapende ezimoto ezisezingeni eliphezulu, njll.;Izinamatheliso ze-polyurethane zisetshenziswa kakhulu ekwenzeni izicathulo, amafilimu ayinhlanganisela, ukwakhiwa, izimoto ngisho ne-aerospace ekhethekile yokubopha nokufaka uphawu.Kunabakhiqizi abangaphezu kweshumi nambili abangamathani angu-10,000 bezinto zokunamathisela ezenziwe nge-polyurethane.Ngo-2010, ukukhishwa kwezingubo ze-polyurethane kwaba amathani angu-950,000, kanti ukukhishwa kwe-polyurethane adhesives kwakungamathani angu-320,000.
Kusukela ngo-2001, izinga lokukhula elimaphakathi lonyaka lokukhiqizwa okunamathelayo kwezwe lami kanye nemali engenayo yokuthengisa ibe ngaphezu kuka-10%.Isilinganiso sokukhula sonyaka.Njengoba izuza ekuthuthukisweni okusheshayo kwemboni yokunamathisela, ingcina eyinhlanganisela ye-polyurethane inesilinganiso sokukhula sokuthengisa saminyaka yonke esingu-20% eminyakeni eyishumi edlule, okungenye yemikhiqizo yokunamathisela ekhula ngokushesha.Phakathi kwazo, ukupakishwa okuguquguqukayo kwepulasitiki kuyinkambu eyinhloko yesicelo sezinto ezinamathelayo ze-polyurethane, ezibalelwa ngaphezu kuka-50% womkhiqizo ophelele kanye nokuthengiswa kwe-polyurethane adhesives.Ngokwesibikezelo se-China Adhesives Industry Association, ukuphuma kwezinamatheliso eziyinhlanganisela ye-polyurethane yokupakisha okuguquguqukayo kwepulasitiki kuzoba ngaphezu kwamathani angu-340,000.
Ngokuzayo, iChina izoba yisikhungo sokuthuthukisa imboni ye-polyurethane yomhlaba wonke
Ngokuzuza emithonjeni ecebile yezwe lami kanye nezimakethe ezibanzi, ukukhiqizwa nokuthengiswa kwemikhiqizo ye-polyurethane kwezwe lami kuyaqhubeka ukwanda.Ngo-2009, ukusetshenziswa kwezwe lami kwemikhiqizo ye-polyurethane kwafinyelela kumathani ayizigidi ezi-5, okwenza cishe ama-30% ezimakethe zomhlaba.Ngokuzayo, ingxenye yemikhiqizo yezwe lami ye-polyurethane emhlabeni izokhula.Kulindeleke ukuthi ngo-2012, ukukhiqizwa kwe-polyurethane yezwe lami kuzoba ngaphezu kwama-35% wesabelo somhlaba, kube umkhiqizi omkhulu wemikhiqizo ye-polyurethane.
Isu Lokutshalwa Kwezimali
Imakethe icabanga ukuthi imboni ye-polyurethane iyonke iyavilapha, futhi ayinalo ithemba ngemboni ye-polyurethane.Sikholelwa ukuthi imboni ye-polyurethane okwamanje isendaweni ephansi yokusebenza.Ngenxa yokuthi imboni inamandla okunweba ngezinga eliqinile, kuzoba nokukhula kokukhula ngo-2012, ikakhulukazi esikhathini esizayo, i-China izoba ukuthuthukiswa kwemboni ye-polyurethane emhlabeni jikelele.Lesi sikhungo siyisisetshenziswa esisafufusa esibalulekile ekuthuthukisweni komnotho we-polyurethane kanye nempilo yabantu.Isilinganiso sonyaka sokukhula kwemboni ye-polyurethane yaseChina ngu-15%.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Jul-07-2022